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BHUTTO
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (Urdu: ذوالفقار علی بھٹو, Sindhi: ذوالفقار
علي ڀُٽو, IPA: [zʊlfɪqɑːɾ ɑli bʱʊʈːoː]) (5 January 1928 – 4 April 1979)
was a Pakistani politician and statesman who served as the 9th Prime Minister
of Pakistan from 1973 to 1977, and prior to that as the 4th President of
Pakistan from 1971 to 1973. He is revered in Pakistan as Quaid-i-Awam (Urdu: قائدعوام
People’s Leader).[3] He was also the founder of the Pakistan People's Party
(PPP) and served as its chairman until his execution in 1979.[4]
Educated at Berkeley and Oxford, Bhutto trained as a
barrister at Lincoln's Inn. He entered politics as one of President Iskander
Mirza's cabinet members, before being assigned several ministries during
President Ayub Khan's military rule from 1958. Appointed Foreign Minister in
1963, Bhutto was a proponent of Operation Gibraltar in Indian-occupied Kashmir,
leading to war with India in 1965. After the Tashkent Agreement ended
hostilities, Bhutto fell out with Ayub and was sacked from government. He
founded the PPP in 1967, contesting general elections in 1970. The Awami League
won a majority of seats in East Pakistan and PPP won a majority of seats in
West Pakistan, the two parties were unable to agree on a new constitution on
particular on the issue of Six Point Movement which many in West Pakistan saw
as a way to break up the country .[5] Subsequent uprisings led to the secession
of Bangladesh, and Pakistan losing the war against Bangladesh-allied India in
1971. Bhutto was handed over the presidency in December 1971 and emergency rule
was imposed.
Bhutto set about rebuilding Pakistan he stated his intention
to 'rebuild confidence and rebuild hope for the future'.[6] By July 1972,
Bhutto had recovered 93,000 prisoners of war and 5,000 square miles of
Indian-held territory after signing the Simla Agreement.[7][8] In foreign
affairs, he strengthened ties with Soviet Union, China and Saudi Arabia, and
recognised the sovereignty of Bangladesh. Domestically, Bhutto's reign saw
parliament unanimously approve a new constitution in 1973, after which he
endorsed Fazal Ilahi's bid for president, and assumed instead the newly empowered
office of Prime minister. He also played an integral role in initiating the
atomic–bomb programme. His economic programme was based on the nationalization
of much of Pakistan's industries, expansion of the Welfare State by introducing
minimum wage and old age benefits.[9][10] In addition Bhutto launched the
process of industrial reconstruction by establishing Pakistan Steel Mills and
Port Qasim.
[9] Bhutto dissolved the Balochistan Assembly following the
discovery of arms destined for rebels, this was met with unrest. Bhutto ordered
a military operation in the province in 1973 and speeded up economic reforms in
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